Generating LaTeX with Docutils

1.1 LaTeX document classes and packages

Unlike HTML with CSS, LaTeX uses one common language for markup and style definitions. Separation of content and style is realized by collecting style definitions in LaTeX classes and packages, or the document preamble.

LaTeX document classes and packages (similar to Python modules or C libraries) provide means to extend or modify the LaTeX language by redefining macros or providing new ones.

Using the document class and style sheet configuration options, you can select from a huge selection of classes and packages (standard as well as user contributed) coming with your TeX distribution or available at CTAN as well as custom style sheets.

1.2 Docutils specific LaTeX macros

Some Docutils objects have no LaTeX counterpart, they will be typeset using a Docutils specific LaTeX macro (command, environment, or length) to allow customization. By convention, these macros use the prefix \DU[1]. Fallback definitions are included after the custom style sheets, for all macros required in the document. Alternatively, you may list "docutils" in the stylesheet setting to use the "docutils" package instead.

• Custom style sheets can define alternative implementations with \newcommand, \newenvironment, and \newlength followed by \setlength.

• Definitions with raw LaTeX are part of the document body. Use \def, \renewcommand or \renewenvironment, and \setlength.

See docutils.sty and the test output standalone_rst_latex.tex for an example of the fallback definitions and their use in the document.

1.3 Length units

The LaTeX writer supports all reStructuredText length units with the following peculiarities:

• In LaTeX, the size of the pixel unit can be configured. It defaults to 1 px = 1/72 in while the CSS3 pixel unit is defined as 1 px = 1/96 in.

• LaTeX uses "pt" for the American point (TeX point), 1 pt = 1/72.25 in. The DTP point (Postscript point) used in CSS is available in LaTeX as big point, 1 bp = 1/72 in.

  Lengths specified in the source with unit "pt" are written with unit "bp" by the LaTeX writer. In raw LaTeX and custom style sheets, the DTP point must be specified as "bp", while "pt" is interpreted as TeX point.

• The default length unit (added by the latex writer to length values without unit) is the DTP point "bp". It will change to "px" in Docutils 1.0.

The TeX units:

can be used in raw LaTeX and custom style sheets but not in reStructuredText.

3.1 Options/Settings

Options can be specified as

• command-line options, or

• configuration settings.

Run rst2latex --help to get a list of available options; see Docutils Configuration for details.

3.2 Classes

The "classes" attribute is one of the common attributes, shared by all Docutils elements. In HTML, the common use is to provide selection criteria for style rules in CSS stylesheets. As there is no comparable framework for LaTeX, Docutils emulates some of this behaviour via Docutils specific LaTeX macros. Due to LaTeX limitations, class arguments are ignored for some elements (e.g. a rubric).

Inline elements

are handled via the \DUrole{} macro that calls the optional styling command \DUrole«classargument» with one argument (the role content). See custom interpreted text roles.

Block level elements

are wrapped in "class environments": \begin{DUclass} calls the optional styling command \DUCLASS«classargument»{}, \end{DUclass} tries \endDUCLASS«classargument».

Customization is done by defining matching macros or environments.

Example 1:

Use small caps font inside elements with class value "custom".

Inline elements

The LaTeX function \textsc sets the argument in small caps:

\newcommand{\DUrolecustom}[1]{\textsc{#1}}

Block-level elements

The LaTeX directive (macro without argument) \scshape switches to the small caps font. Its effect is confined to the wrapper DUclass environment:

\newcommand*{\DUCLASScustom}{\scshape}

Example 2:

It is even possible to locally redefine other LaTeX macros, e.g. to turn bullet lists with class value "enumerateitems" into enumerated lists:

\newcommand*{\DUCLASSenumerateitems}{%
  \renewenvironment{itemize}{\begin{enumerate}}%
                            {\end{enumerate}}%
}

Notes

• Class arguments may contain numbers and hyphens, which need special treatment in LaTeX command names (see class directive). The commands \csname and \endcsname or the special command \@namedef can help with the definition of corresponding macros or environments, e.g.:

  \expandafter\newcommand\csname gg1\endcsname{Definition of gg1.}

  or

  \makeatletter
  \@namedef{DUCLASSadmonition-test}{…}
  \makeatother

• Elements can have multiple class arguments. In contrast to HTML/CSS, the order of the class arguments cannot be ignored in LaTeX

• Class handling differs for some elements and class values:

  • Class argument values starting with align- are transformed to "align" argument values. Class argument values starting with language- set the elements language property.

  • The table element recognizes some special class values. See section table style.

  • If the legacy-class-functions setting is True, the special macros \DUadmonition and \DUtitle are written with a comma separated list of class values as optional argument.

3.3 LaTeX code

Custom LaTeX code can be placed in style sheets, the LaTeX preamble, the document body (raw LaTeX), or custom templates.

The functional tests that come with Docutils, can serve as example.

input:

standalone_rst_latex.rst (includes files from tests/functional/input/data)

expected output:

standalone_rst_latex.tex

4.1 admonitions

Admonitions are specially marked "topics" that can appear anywhere an ordinary body element can.

Environment:

DUadmonition

(Command \DUadmonition with legacy-class-functions.)

Default:

Typeset in a frame (90 % of text width).

The admonition title is typeset with the \DUtitle command (see titles).

Example 1:

A lighter layout without the frame:

\newenvironment{DUadmonition}%
  {\begin{quote}}
  {\end{quote}}

Example 2:

Print all admonitions in the margin:

\usepackage{environ}
\NewEnviron{DUadmonition}{\marginpar{\BODY}}

Example 3:

Use the .. note:: admonition for a margin note:

\usepackage{environ}
\newcommand{\DUCLASSnote}{%
  \RenewEnviron{DUadmonition}{\marginpar{\BODY}}%
  \renewcommand{\DUtitle}[1]{}% suppress title ("Note")
}

4.2 custom interpreted text roles

The rst role directive allows defining custom text roles that mark parts of inline text (spans) with class arguments (see section classes).

Commands:

\DUrole: dispatcher command

\DUrole«classargument»: optional styling command with 1 argument (the role content).

Default:

The default definition of \DUrole{«classargument»}{} calls the macro named \DUrole«classargument»{} if it is defined and silently ignores this class argument if not.

Example 1:

Typeset text in small caps:

.. role:: smallcaps

:smallcaps:`Fourier` transformation

This is transformed to the LaTeX code:

\DUrole{smallcaps}{Fourier} transformation

The definition

\newcommand{\DUrolesmallcaps}{\textsc}

as raw LaTeX or in the custom style sheet will give the expected result (if the text font supports small caps).

Example 2:

Subscript text in normal size and italic shape:

.. role:: sub(subscript)

As "sub" inherits from the standard "subscript" role, the LaTeX macro only needs to set the size and shape:

\newcommand{\DUrolesub}{\normalsize\itshape}

Example 3:

A role with several classes and a converted class name:

.. role:: custom4
   :class: argI argII arg_3

is translated to the nested commands:

\DUrole{argi}{\DUrole{argii}{\DUrole{arg-3}{<content>}}}

With the definitions:

\newcommand{\DUroleargi}[1]{\textsc}
\newcommand{\DUroleargii}[1]{{\large #1}}
\makeatletter
\@namedef{DUrolearg-3}{\textbf}
\makeatother

in a style sheet[2] or as raw LaTeX in the document source, text styled with :custom4:`large bold small-caps` will be typeset accordingly.

4.3 definition lists

ReStructuredText definition lists correspond to HTML <dl> list objects.

Environment:

description: LaTeX standard environment

Command:

\descriptionlabel: styling macro for the description term

Default:

bold label text, hanging indent

Example:

A non-bold label can be achieved with:

\renewcommand\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep \normalfont #1}

4.4 document class

There are hundreds of LaTeX document classes installed by modern LaTeX distributions, provided by publishers, or available at CTAN.

Popular document classes:

• article, report, book: standard document classes

• scrartcl, scrrprt, scrbook: KOMA-script classes

• memoir: highly configurable class for larger documents

Option:

documentclass

4.5 document info

Content of the bibliographic fields at the top of a document. By default, docinfo items are typeset as a table.

Options:

use-latex-docinfo, use-latex-abstract

Length:

\DUdocinfowidth: the width for the docinfo table.

Default:

90 % of text width: 0.9\textwidth

Example:

set to 70 % of text width:

\newlength{\DUdocinfowidth}
\setlength{\DUdocinfowidth}{0.7\textwidth}

4.6 document title

A lone top-level section title is (usually) transformed to the document title (see section structure).

The format of the document title is defined by the document class. The "article" document class uses an in-page title and the "report" and "book" classes write a separate title page. See the TeX FAQ on how to customize the style of document titles.

The default title page shows only title and subtitle, date and author are shown in the document info table.

Options:

use-latex-docinfo

--template=titlepage.tex Put docinfo and abstract into the title page. A separate title page is used also with the "abstract" document class.

4.7 field lists

Field lists may be used as generic two-column table constructs in documents.

Environment:

DUfieldlist

Default:

Indented description list.

Example:

Use a description list customized with enumitem:

\usepackage{enumitem}
\newenvironment{DUfieldlist}%
  {\description[font=,style=sameline,leftmargin=8em]}
  {\enddescription}
}

The KOMA-script classes provide a similar environment under the name labeling.

4.8 figure and table captions

The caption package provides many ways to customise the captions in floating environments like figure and table.

The chngcntr package helps to configure the numbering of figure and table caption numberings.

Some document classes (e.g. KOMA-script) provide additional configuration. See also The style of captions in the LaTeX FAQ.

Example

\usepackage{caption}
\captionsetup{justification=raggedleft,singlelinecheck=false}

4.9 figure placement

Figures might be typeset at the place of definition (default) or "float" to a suitable place at the top or bottom of a page. This is implemented using the float package.

Command:

\floatplacement

The placement setting is valid from the point of definition until the next \floatplacement command or the end of the document. See float.pdf for details.

Default:

\floatplacement{figure}{H} (here definitely). This corresponds most closely to the source and HTML placement (principle of least surprise).

Example 1:

In a custom style sheet, set the default to let LaTeX find a suitable place for figure floats:

\usepackage{float}
\floatplacement{figure}{htbp} % here, top, bottom, extra-page

Example 2:

To move all following figures to the top or bottom of the page write in the document source:

.. raw:: latex

    \floatplacement{figure}{tb}

4.10 font

The selected text font influences the look, the feel, and the readability of the document (cf. http://www.csarven.ca/web-typography). Selecting a suitable font also solves the problem with bad looking PDF output.

Font selection is one of the main differences between LaTeX and XeTeX/LuaTeX:

LaTeX

cannot use the fonts of the operating system directly but needs specially installed fonts with additional supporting files.

XeTeX/LuaTeX

can use system fonts and provides access to the full feature set of modern OpenType fonts.

The default font setup is done in the latex-preamble:

LaTeX

PDF standard fonts (Times, Helvetica, Courier)

XeTeX/LuaTeX

Linux Libertine, a free, high quality alternative to Times with a wide coverage of glyphs, styles, and OpenType features.

Despite its name, Linux Libertine can be used on any operating system that can handle OpenType fonts.

Alternative fonts can be selected by

LaTeX

1. specifying the corresponding LaTeX package(s) as argument to the stylesheet option or with the \usepackage LaTeX command.

   • packages can be combined,

   • passing options to a package is only possible in a style sheet or the LaTeX preamble.

2. changing the font-default macros \rmdefault, \sfdefault and/or \ttdefault in a custom style sheet, the LaTeX preamble or raw LaTeX.

Example 1:

Use Latin Modern. LaTeX code:

\usepackage{lmodern}

Command line argument:

--stylesheet=lmodern

Example 2:

The Times/Helvetica/Courier PDF standard fonts are selected by the LaTeX code [3]:

\usepackage{mathptmx}            % Times for serif and math
\usepackage[scaled=.90]{helvet}  % downscaled Helvetica for sans serif
\usepackage{courier}             % Courier for teletype (mono-space)

Since Docutils 0.7, this is the default value of the latex-preamble option.

Example 3:

Use the teletype font from the txfonts package. As there is no package for this, we re-define the font macro with the LaTeX code:

\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{txtt}

XeTeX/LuaTeX

using the macros of the fontspec package. Use some font-viewer or -manager (e.g. fontmatrix) to find out the correct names of the fonts on your system.

Example:

DejaVu, very wide coverage, screen optimized. As this font runs wide, add DIV=10 to the documentoptions:

\setmainfont{DejaVu Serif}
\setsansfont{DejaVu Sans}
\setmonofont[HyphenChar=None]{DejaVu Sans Mono}

4.11 font encoding

LaTeX font encodings are described in detail in the encguide which is part of the LaTeX base documentation.

Option:

font-encoding

Default:

"T1"

Example 1:

Use the (obsolete) LaTeX default encoding "OT1":

--font-encoding=OT1

or (without loading the fontenc package):

--font-encoding=""

This will improve the look on screen with the default Computer Modern fonts at the expense of problems with search and text extraction The recommended way is to select a T1-encoded "Type 1" (vector) font, for example Latin Modern

Example 2:

Support for characters in the Unicode blocks Latin, Latin-1 Supplement, and Greek together with a T1-encoded "Type 1" (vector) font, for example Latin Modern:

--font-encoding=LGR,T1 --stylesheet=lmodern

4.12 font size

Add font size in points to the document options, e.g. --documentoptions=12, use e.g. the document classes provided by extsizes for values other than [10,11,12].

4.13 footnotes

By default, footnotes are set with Docutils-specific wrappers around the standard \footnotemark and \footnotetext commands. You can configure the footnote layout similar to standard LaTeX footnotes in a custom style sheet or the LaTeX preamble.

Further configuration is possible by alternative definitions of \DUfootnotemark and \DUfootnotetext

Example 1:

Set footnote text with a hanging indent.

• This is the default with KOMA-script classes, e.g:

  --documentclass=scrartcl

  (for further configuration, see the KOMA-script Guide),

• with package footmisc:

  \usepackage[hang]{footmisc}
  \setlength{\footnotemargin}{0em}

  (play with the \footnotemargin setting),

• redefine \DUfootnotetext inserting hangindent:

  \newcommand{\DUfootnotetext}[4]{%
    \begingroup%
    \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{%
      \protect\raisebox{1em}{\protect\hypertarget{#1}{}}%
      \protect\hyperlink{#2}{#3}}%
      \footnotetext{\hangindent=2em #4}%
    \endgroup%
  }

  (adapt the \hangindent value).

Example 2:

Footnote marks in normal font size, not superscript:

\usepackage{scrextend} % not required with KOMA-script document classes
\deffootnote{1em}{1em}{\thefootnotemark\ }

(See the KOMA-script Guide for details and other options.)

Example 3:

Place the footnote text where it appears in the source document (instead of at the page bottom). This can be used to get the effect of endnotes (needs the hanging package):

\usepackage{hanging}
\newcommand{\DUfootnotetext}[4]{%
  \par\noindent\raisebox{1em}{\hypertarget{#1}{}}%
  \hyperlink{#2}{#3}%
  \hangpara{\parindent}{1}#4%
}

4.14 hyphenation

The amount of hyphenation is influenced by \hyphenpenalty, setting it to 10000 almost prevents hyphenation. As this produces lines with more space between words one should increase Latex's \tolerance for this.

Example:

\hyphenpenalty=5000
\tolerance=1000

4.15 hyperlinks

Options:

hyperlink-color, hyperref-options

Hyperlinks are realized using the hyperref package. As it re-defines many standard LaTeX macros, this package is loaded last, after the style sheets.

However, you can load hyperref before a package that requires its presence in a style sheet or the LaTeX preamble (see example below). This will ignore options set with hyperlink-color and hyperref-options.

URLs are typeset with the "url" package (loaded implicitly by "hyperref"). The font of URLs can be defined with the \urlstyle command. Valid arguments are

same:

normal text font, Docutils default,

tt:

teletype (monospaced), LaTeX default,

rm:

roman,

sf:

sans serif

Example:

Custom loading of the hyperref package also switches to the LaTeX default (monospaced fonts for URLs). Reset to use the text font:

\usepackage[unicode,colorlinks=true,linkcolor=green]{hyperref}
\urlstyle{same}

See also non-breaking hyperlinks.

\usepackage{nohyperref,url}
\urlstyle{same}

4.16 language

The global document language can be set with the language-code configuration setting. The language of text parts can be set adding the language tag prefixed by "language-" to an element's classes attribute, e.g. language-el for a Greek text part.

4.17 line blocks

In line blocks, newlines and leading whitespace are respected.

Environment:

DUlineblock: special list environment for line blocks

Length:

\DUlineblockindent: indentation of indented lineblock parts.

Default:

2.5 times the font height: 2.5em

Example:

set to the paragraph indentation:

\newlength{\DUlineblockindent}
\setlength{\DUlineblockindent}{\parindent}

4.18 line spacing

Commands:

\linespread: for small adjustments

\singlespacing, \onehalfspacing, and \doublespacing: from package setspace

Example 1:

Get document wide double spacing:

\usepackage{setspace}
\doublespacing

Example 2:

Increase line spacing by five percent for better readability:

\linespread{1.05}

4.19 literal blocks

No markup processing is done within a literal block. It is left as-is, and is typically rendered in a monospaced typeface

Option:

literal-block-env

Example:

--literal-block-env=lstlisting

The lstlisting environment is highly configurable (as documented in listings.pdf) and provides syntax highlight for many programming languages, for instance

\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{txtt}
\lstset{language=Python, morekeywords=[1]{yield}}
\lstloadlanguages{Python}
\lstset{
  basicstyle=\ttfamily,
  keywordstyle=\bfseries,
  commentstyle=\rmfamily\itshape,
  stringstyle=\slshape,
}
\lstset{showstringspaces=false}
\lstset{columns=fullflexible,
     basewidth={0.5em,0.4em}}

and to get LaTeX syntax highlight for a code block with "listings":

\lstloadlanguages{[LaTeX]TeX} %  comma separated list of languages
\newcommand{\DUCLASSlatex}{\lstset{language=[LaTeX]TeX}}

The indentation of literal blocks can be reset with

\lstset{resetmargins=true}

and/or configured with e. g.:

\lstset{xleftmargin=-2em}

4.20 lists

Remove extra vertical whitespace between items of bullet lists and enumerated lists.

Example:

Pass the class argument "compact" to the list:

.. class:: compact

* first item
* second item

The following lines for the LaTeX preamble use the enumitem package to remove spacing from all lists with class argument "compact":

\usepackage{enumitem}
\newcommand*{\DUCLASScompact}{\setlist{noitemsep}}

4.21 list of figures/tables

Docutils does not support lists of figures or tables.

However, with LaTeX, they can be generated using raw LaTeX in the document source.

Commands:

\listoffigures: a list of figures

\listoftables: a list of tables

Example:

.. raw:: latex

   \listoffigures

4.22 option list

Option lists are two-column lists of command-line options and descriptions, documenting a program's options.

Environment:

DUoptionlist: environment for option lists,

Command:

\DUoptionlistlabel: set appearance of the options

Example:

set command options with a bold monospace font:

\newcommand{\DUoptionlistlabel}{\texttt{\textbf{#1}} \hfill}

4.23 page breaks

• Page breaks before top-level sections are the default with a documentclass that provides "chapters", e.g. "book", "memoir" or "scrbook".

• Redefining the section or section* command in a style sheet is possible too.

• Raw LaTeX or a custom role can be used.

• The transition element can be re-defined to produce a page break,

Commands

\newpage: hard pagebreak at exactly this position

\pagebreak[2]: recommended page break after line end (precedence 1...4)

Example:

Define the transition command as page break with the LaTeX code:

\newcommand*{\DUtransition}{\pagebreak[4]}

(use \renewcommand with raw LaTeX).

4.24 page layout

By default, paper size and margin settings are determined by the document class.

The following packages help to configure the page layout:

1. The typearea package (part of the KOMA-script bundle) calculates a good page layout (based on rules and recommendations of typography experts).

   See the KOMA-Script Guide for details on what is a good layout and how this is achieved.

2. The geometry package is recommended if you have to follow guidelines with fixed values for the margins. For details see the geometry manual.

Example 1:

Let typearea determine the type area with DIV=calc in the documentoptions:

--documentoptions='a4paper,DIV=calc'

The DIV option can also be specified, like DIV=10. It defines how "crowded" a page will be: larger values mean larger text area (at the expense of readability).

Example 2:

LaTeX code to set margins with the geometry package:

\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{hmargin={3cm,0.8in},height=8in}
\geometry{height=10in}.

4.25 page headers and footers

With the fancyhdr package or the KOMA-script classes, you can define custom page head- and foot-lines.

The "header" and "footer" directives save their content in the macros \DUheader rsp. \DUfooter. The macros can be used in LaTeX code and will be replaced by LaTeX with the content of the directives.

Example:

LaTeX code to place left-aligned "header" and "footer" on every page with fancyhdr:

\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\fancyhead[L]{\DUheader}
\fancyfoot{} % reset
\fancyfoot[L]{\DUfooter}
\pagestyle{fancy}

4.26 page numbering

Example:

Number pages by chapter (using the chappg package):

\usepackage{chappg}

See the chappg documentation for details.

4.27 paper size

Paper geometry can be changed using --documentoptions or with the geometry package.

LaTeX code:

\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{OPTIONLIST}

Default:

a4paper

Some possibilities:

• a4paper, b3paper, letterpaper, executivepaper, legalpaper

• landscape, portrait, twoside.

Example:

Choose A5 pager in landscape orientation with command line argument:

--documentoptions=a5paper,landscape

The same with LaTeX commands in the style sheet:

\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{a5paper,landscape}

For details see the geometry manual.

4.28 paragraph indent

Default (in most document classes):

Indent the first line in a paragraph unless it is the first line of a chapter, section, subsection, or subsubsection.

Example 1:

To set paragraph indentation to zero but add a vertical space between load the parskip package with the command line argument:

--stylesheet=parskip

or in a custom style sheet with:

\usepackage{parskip}

Example 2:

To suppress the indentation of a specific paragraph, you may give it the class "noindent" with, e.g.

.. class:: noindent

This paragraph should not be indented.

and define the custom role command:

\newcommand{\DUrolenoindent}[1]{\noindent #1}

4.29 rubric

A rubric is like an informal heading that doesn't correspond to the document's structure.

Command:

\DUrubric

Default:

subsubsection style (unnumbered), italic

Example1:

Set centred and red:

\newcommand*{\DUrubric}[1]{%
   \subsubsection*{\centerline{\color{red}#1}}}

4.30 section headings

Options: documentclass, use-part-section

Section headings are converted into LaTeX macros according to their level, the document class and the value of the use-part-section setting:

4.31 section numbering

Sections are numbered if there is a sectnum directive in the document.

Option: sectnum_xform

--section-numbering, --no-section-numbering

If sectnum_xform is False, section numbers are generated by LaTeX. In this case the "prefix" and "suffix" arguments of the sectnum directive are ignored. The section number style is determined by the document class and can be configured in a LaTeX style sheet, e.g.:

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{5}

4.32 sidebar

Sidebars are like miniature, parallel documents that occur inside other documents, providing related or reference material. They can be likened to super-footnotes; their content is outside of the flow of the document's main text.

Command:

DUsidebar

Default:

Box with grey background.

Example:

Use margin notes:

\newcommand{\DUsidebar}[1]{\marginpar{\flushleft #1}}

• Make sure the margin is wide enough to hold the note.

• This fails with some constructs inside the side bar and where marginpar cannot be used, e.g., inside floats, footnotes, or in frames made with the framed package (see marginnote).

4.33 size of a "px"

The length unit "px" is defined in pdfTeX and LuaTeX, the "XeTeX" writer uses the \pdfpxdimen macro as workaround.

Default:

1 px = 1/72 in

Example:

Set the value to match the CSS3 pixel unit 1 px = 1/96 in with the LaTeX code:

\pdfpxdimen=1in
\divide\pdfpxdimen by 96

4.34 table style

A pre-configured table style can be globally selected via the table_style setting or set for individual tables via a class directive or the class option of the table directive.

Supported values:

standard

Borders around all cells.

booktabs

A line above and below the table and one after the head.

borderless

No borders around table cells.

colwidths-auto

Column width determination by LaTeX. Overridden by the table directive's "widths" option.

By default, column widths are computed from the source column widths. The legacy_column_widths setting selects the conversion algorithm. Custom column widths can be set with the "widths" option of the table directive.

See also the section on problems with tables below.

4.35 table of contents

A contents directive is replaced by a table of contents (ToC).

Option: use-latex-toc

--use-latex-toc, --use-docutils-toc

With use-latex-toc (default since release 0.6):

• The ToC is generated by LaTeX (via the \tableofcontents command).

  The layout depends on the chosen document class and can be configured in a custom style sheet (see e.g. the KOMA-Script Guide for the KOMA-script classes).

• The depth of the ToC and PDF-bookmarks can be configured

  • with the "depth" argument of the contents directive, or

  • in a style sheet with e.g. \setcounter{tocdepth}{5}.

• Local ToCs are done with the minitoc package. See the minitoc documentation for the numerous configuration options.

4.36 title reference role

Title reference is the default default role for interpreted text.

Command:

\DUroletitlereference

Default:

use slanted font (\textsl)

Example:

set title references with a bold monospace font:

\newcommand{\DUroletitlereference}[1]{\texttt{\textbf{#1}}}

4.37 titles

The titles of admonitions, sidebar, and topic element use the \DUtitle command which can be re-defined in the corresponding DUCLASS environment.

• The re-definition is local to the environment, so you don't need to save/restore the original function.

• In the nested function redefinition, the argument placeholder requires two hashes, #1 → ##1!

Example 1:

a centered and somewhat larger title for topcis:

\newcommand*{\DUCLASStopic}{
  \renewcommand*{\DUtitle}[1]{\subsection*{\centering ##1}}
}

Example 2:

a right-pointing hand as title for the "attention" admonition:

\usepackage{pifont}
\newcommand*{\DUCLASSattention}{
  \renewcommand*{\DUtitle}[1]{\ding{43}}
}

The title argument is "swallowed" by the command. To have both, hand and title use:

\usepackage{pifont}
\newcommand*{\DUCLASSattention}{
  \renewcommand*{\DUtitle}[1]{\ding{43} ##1}
}

4.38 text encoding

The encoding of the LaTeX source file is Docutils' output encoding but LaTeX' input encoding.

Option: output_encoding

--output-encoding=OUTPUT-ENCODING

Default:

"utf-8"

Example:

Encode the LaTeX source file with the ISO latin-1 (west european) 8-bit encoding (the default in Docutils versions up to 0.6.):

--output-encoding=latin-1

Note:

8-bit LaTeX comes with two options for UTF-8 support,

utf8:

by the standard inputenc package with only limited coverage (mainly accented characters).

utf8x:

supported by the ucs package covers a wider range of Unicode characters than does "utf8". It is, however, a non-standard extension and no longer developed.

Currently, the "latex2e" writer inserts \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} into the LaTeX source if it is UTF-8 encoded.

4.39 topic element

A topic is like a block quote with a title, or a self-contained section with no subsections. Topics and rubrics can be used at places where a section title is not allowed (e.g. inside a directive).

Example:

Use a standard paragraph for a topic:

\newcommand{\DUCLASStopic}{%
  \renewenvironment{quote}{}{}%
}

4.40 transition element

Transitions are commonly seen in novels and short fiction, as a gap spanning one or more lines, marking text divisions or signaling changes in subject, time, point of view, or emphasis.

Command:

\DUtransition

Default:

A horizontal line, 1/3 of text width

Example 1:

Use three stars:

\newcommand*{\DUtransition}{\centering{}*\quad*\quad*}

Alternatively use the more elaborated version in transition-stars.sty.

Example 2:

If paragraphs are separated by indentation, you can simply use a vertical space:

\newcommand*{\DUtransition}{\vspace{2ex}}

6.1 Troubleshooting

Package hyperref Warning: Glyph not defined in PD1 encoding,
(hyperref)                removing `\CYRZ' on input line 6.
...

--hyperref-option=unicode

! Package textcomp Error: Symbol \textcurrency not provided by
(textcomp)                font family ptm in TS1 encoding.
(textcomp)                Default family used instead.

6.2 Bugs and open issues

Open to be fixed or open to discussion.

See also the entries in the Docutils TODO list, the BUGS documentation and the SourceForge Bug Tracker.